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However, signing the VBA code does not imply integrity control over the document contents or the resources it loads…ĭownload a copy of the file here: 64 Download Malicious code execution through RegisterXLL
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Our ATPVBAEN.XLAM target implements this via VBA code which is signed by Microsoft. An XLAM file usually contains specific extensions to Excel so new functionality and functions can be used in a workbook. The Excel macro enabled add-in file (XLAM) file format is relatively similar to a regular macro enabled Excel file (XLSM). The folders and files structure are the same for all versions and look like this: In the same directory, there is an XLL called analys32.xll which is loaded by this XLAM. This component is implemented via Excel Add-ins (.XLAM), typically named ATPVBAEN.XLAM and located in the office installation directory. The Microsoft Office installation includes a component named “Microsoft’s Analysis ToolPak add-in”. Introduction to Microsoft’s Analysis Toolpak add-in XLAMs After strolling through the directory C:\program files\Microsoft Office\ for hours and hours, I found an interesting file that was doing something weird.
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Hence, we continuously explore new vectors for attacking this surface.ĭuring one of my research nights, I started to look in the MS Office installation directory in search of example documents to further understand the Office Open XML (OpenXML) format and its usage. Ideal for phishing! Research backgroundĪt Outflank, we recognise that initial access using maldocs is getting harder due to increased effectiveness of EDR/antimalware products and security hardening options for MS Office. In other situations a user will get a popup showing a legit Microsoft signature. We have seen various situations at our clients where the specific Microsoft certificate is added as a Trusted Publisher (meaning code execution without a popup after opening the maldoc). The resulting exploit/maldoc supports roughly all versions of Office (x86+圆4) for any Windows version against (un)privileged users, without any prior knowledge of the target environment. These specific XLAM documents are signed by Microsoft. An attacker can embed malicious code without invalidating the signature for use in phishing scenarios.
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We will update this post with a reference to part 2 once it is ready.Īn MS Office installation comes with signed Microsoft Analysis ToolPak Excel add-ins (.XLAM file type) which are vulnerable to multiple code injections. Our analysis of Microsoft’s mitigations applied by CVE-2021-28449.Practical offensive MS Office tradecraft which is useful for weaponizing signed add-ins which contain vulnerabilities, such as transposing third party signed macros to other documents.The Microsoft Analysis ToolPak Excel and vulnerabilities in XLAM add-ins which are distributed as part of this.In this blog post (part 1), we will discuss the following: However, we will uncover a largely unexplored attack surface of MS Office for further offensive research and will demonstrate practical tradecraft for exploitation.
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This patch means that the methods described in this post are no longer applicable to an up-to-date and securely configured MS Office install. These weaknesses have been addressed by Microsoft in the following patch: CVE-2021- 28449.
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This blog post is part of series of two posts that describe weaknesses in Microsoft Excel that could be leveraged to create malicious phishing documents signed by Microsoft that load arbitrary code. A phishing document signed by Microsoft – part 1 Dima Van de Wouw | December 9, 2021